Data Governance
Security &
Governance
Zero-trust security, fine-grained authorization, encryption, and compliance auditing.
Phase 10: Zero-Trust Security & Authentication
Identity, Network & Access Control
Security is not an afterthought. We implement defense-in-depth strategies using IAM Roles, Private Endpoints, and Automated Credential Rotation to secure your data perimeter.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Active Permissions
READRUN_QUERY
We implement Least Privilege access. Instead of long-term credentials (API Keys), users assume temporary IAM Roles based on their job function.
Resource Access Check
Production Database
DeniedBilling Reports
Allowed Phase 11: Granular Authorization (AuthZ)
Beyond Roles: Fine-Grained Access Control
Traditional Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) explodes at scale. We implement Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) and dynamic Row/Column-Level Security to ensure the right people see exactly the right data, down to the cell level.
Data Lake View
Active Policy
Full access to all rows and columns.
| ID | Name | Region | Salary | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alice Chen | APAC | $85,000 | alice@corp.com |
| 2 | Bob Smith | NA | $92,000 | bob@corp.com |
| 3 | Charlie Kim | APAC | $78,000 | charlie@corp.com |
| 4 | Diana Prince | EU | $95,000 | diana@corp.com |
| 5 | Evan Wright | NA | $88,000 | evan@corp.com |
Total Rows: 5Visible Rows: 5
ABAC Simulator
User Principal
Dept: Eng
Clearance: Top Secret
Clearance: Top Secret
ACCESS GRANTED
Secure Resource
Tag: Dept=Eng
Tag: Class=Top Secret
Tag: Class=Top Secret
Why ABAC?Instead of creating 100s of roles (e.g., "Eng_Manager", "Eng_Intern"), we define 1 policy:
Allow if user.dept == resource.tag.deptDatabase Grants Studio
-- Least Privilege Provisioning
CREATE ROLE data_analyst;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA analytics TO data_analyst;
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE analytics.sales_mart TO data_analyst;
-- Explicitly deny sensitive columns if engine supports it
REVOKE SELECT (social_security_num) ON TABLE employees FROM data_analyst;
CREATE ROLE data_analyst;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA analytics TO data_analyst;
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE analytics.sales_mart TO data_analyst;
-- Explicitly deny sensitive columns if engine supports it
REVOKE SELECT (social_security_num) ON TABLE employees FROM data_analyst;
Phase 12: Encryption & Data Protection
Fortress-Level Security
Protecting data isn't just about access control; it's about making the data itself unreadable to unauthorized eyes. We implement comprehensive Encryption and Masking strategies across the entire lifecycle.
Encryption Architecture
Client App
TLS 1.3 (HTTPS)
Data Platform
Encrypts Here
Encrypted Storage
Architecture Insight
Standard Enterprise Pattern. The platform manages the keys (KMS). Data is encrypted immediately upon receipt and decrypted transparently for authorized services.
Masking Lab
JSON PREVIEW
{
"user_id":"u-882102",
"full_name":"Jonathan Doe",
"email":"jon.doe@example.com",
"credit_card":"4532-1234-5678-9012",
"tax_id":"992-12-4412",
}
Key Management
We use Envelope Encryption. A Master Key (CMK) protects the Data Keys (DEK) that protect your actual data. This allows for rapid key rotation without re-encrypting petabytes of data.
Master Key (CMK)
ID: key-v1
Data Key (DEK)
Encrypted by v1
Phase 13: Centralized Audit & Forensics
Prepare Logs for Audit
Compliance requires more than just storing text files. We build a Centralized Log Lake that aggregates Application Data, API Activity, and Infrastructure Metrics into a queryable, immutable audit trail.
Log Strategy
- CentralizationAggregating logs from EC2, Lambda, and RDS into a single S3 Data Lake for long-term retention.
- Forensic AnalysisUsing Athena/CloudTrail Lake to run SQL queries across petabytes of log data instantly.
- Integrity ValidationEnable Log File Integrity Validation to prove logs haven't been tampered with.
Compliance Ready
SOC2HIPAAGDPRPCI-DSS
10:00:01.240
API_GATEWAY
POST /v1/transactions
client_app_a
200 OK
10:00:01.350
APP_SERVICE
Processing Order #9921
system
INFO
10:00:01.420
DB_CLUSTER
INSERT INTO sales
db_user_svc
SUCCESS
10:05:22.100
IAM_AUTH
AssumeRole: Admin
unknown_ip
DENIED
10:05:22.150
WAF
Block IP: 192.168.1.55
system
BLOCKED
Phase 14: Data Privacy & Sovereign Governance
Compliance by Design
In regulated industries, data governance isn't optional. We implement automated PII Identification, strict Data Residency Geofences, and Zero-Copy Sharing to ensure you meet global standards like GDPR, CCPA, and HK PDPO.
PII Discovery Engine
Stream Sample
Customer John Doe (HKID: A123456-7) requested a refund... Contact: 9123 4567.Confidence
99.8%
Entity Type
HKID
Action
Flag
Data Sovereignty Geofence
Policy: HK_BANKING_STRICT
Hong Kong (Home)
Singapore (DR)
North America
Europe (Frankfurt)
Attempting to move data to disallowed regions triggers an immediate Compliance Block and alerts the DPO.
Secure Data Exchange
Stop emailing CSVs. Grant partners secure, revocable access to live data tables without moving the data.
Table: risk_reports_daily
Owner: Risk Team
Recipient
external_auditor_account
Configuration Watchdog
Continuous monitoring of infrastructure changes. Auto-remediation reverts non-compliant changes instantly.
StorageBucket_Fin10:00 AM
PublicAccessBlock: Enabled
Database_Prod11:30 AM
Encryption: AES-256
Firewall_Rule02:15 PM
Port 22 Open to 0.0.0.0/0
Auto-Remediation Triggered: Reverting Change